I'm not familiar with how UGreen handles permissions, but the Docker screen shot looks ok to me. When you look at the permissions in the OS for "Shows" are they the same as movies and music?
Jellyfin 10.10.7 (Docker)
Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS w/HWE
Intel i3 12100
Intel Arc A380
OS drive - SK Hynix P41 1TB
Storage
4x WD Red Pro 6TB CMR in RAIDZ1