Setting max library scan threads to 1 appears to be a temporary workaround until 10.9.6 is released. After making that change I haven't been able to trigger the bug.
Jellyfin 10.10.3 (Docker)
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Intel i3 12100
Intel Arc A380
OS drive - SK Hynix P41 1TB
Storage
3x WD Red Pro 6TB CMR in RAIDZ1 (JF Library)